Refrigerating apparatus



April 10, 1928.

F. G. KEYE v REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 4, 1923 Patented Apr.10, 1928. 1

UNITED STATES OFFICE.

FREDERICK G. KEYES, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AS-SIGNMENTS, TO NATIONAL REFRIGERATING COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACH'UESETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

Application filed December 4, 1923. Serial No. 678,538.

My present invention relates to refrigeration apparatus and theoperation thereof, and particularly to such apparatus in whichrefrigeration is obtained through quickly 5 cooling over a wide range oftemperature the atmosphere in a chamber connected to a refrigeratingchamber containing a liquid having a high vapor pressure. It furtherre.- lates in part to such an apparatus having a still for thevaporizing of the refrigerant at certain stages of the operation of theapparatus and this application differs from companion application SerialNo. 673,105, now Patent No. 1,622,522 only in the means for heating saidstill and in apparatus auxil-.

iary thereto. This application then will relate particularly to suchheating apparatus, its auxiliary apparatus, andthe operation of thesystem with particular respect to said heating apparatus. Reference willbe made to said application Serial No. 673,105, for particulars notreadily apparent.

I have illustrated the apparatus of my invention in the accompanyingdrawing, in

which Fig. 1 is a diagram of my apparatus. 7

Fig. 2 is a broken vertical section of one of the units of the still.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of a vertical section of the refrigeration chambershowing the arrangement of electrical control apparatus therein.

The object of this invention is to provide the still of a refrigerationapparatus with both heating and cooling means which are usedalternately.

A further purpose is to provide a gas heater for such a still and meansfor turning said heater on and off intermitttently and automatically.

Referring to the drawing, part 132 is a stove casing which enclosesstill elements 130 and directs thereto heat from gas stove 124. Pipes127 through holes 128 discharge and 5 carry from element 130 refrigerantfluid passing from or to manifold 129 whichconnects with manifold 18.Said manifold 18 delivers fluid passing from the still through checkvalve 19 to condenser 16, thence through valve 73 to pipe 24 torefrigerator 25. Manifold 18 also receives fluid from refrigerator 25through 'pipe 27 and check valve 28, and permits the fluid to pass backto the still according to the pressures in the various parts of thesystem, as hereinafter. described, and similar to the act-ion describedin said application Serial No. 673,- 105. The two-way valve 29 directscooling water from supply pipe 30 either to condenser cooling coil 33 orto still cooling coil 133, and is actuated by solenoids 40 and 41alternately, and valve 119 is actuated by solenoids 1'20 and121alternately to turn gas to and off gas stove 124, both in accordancewith refrigerant liquid level in chamber 25.

Solenoids 40 and 120 are energized and deenergized simultaneously.Likewise solenoids 41 and 121 are energized and deenergizedsimultaneously. When solenoids 40 and 120 are energized valve 29 is opento carry water to the cooling coils 133 of the still and gas valve 119is closed. 'A pilot light in the stove 124, fed through pipe 125, servesto light gas stove 124 when the gas is turned on. When solenoids 41 and121 are energized-4O and 120 being deenergized-valve 29 is open todirect water to cooling coils 33 and valve 119 is open to supply gas tostove 124.

Switches 116, 117 (a and b) and 118 are mounted on a pivoted bar (notshown) which is actuated by solenoids 52 and 53, respectively, througharmatures 54 and 55. On the energization of solenoid 52 switch 116 isclosed and time switch 117* remains closed for five seconds and 118 isopened, and on the energization of solenoid 53 switch 116 is opened, andswitch 118 is closed, and switch 117 remains closed for five seconds.Starting from the position shown in the drawing a complete cycle ofoperation of the apparatus of my invention is as follows. Assuming therefrigerant fluid to be in still 132 and none to be in the condenser orthe refrigerator at the beginning of the cycle, float 62 is at itslowest position in chamber 25 and contact is made across contacts 64 and65. Current then flows through solenoids 41 and 121, cooling water issent throu hto condenser 16 and gas stove 124 is lig ted. Upon thedistillation of refrigerant to the condenser chamber and, theaccumulation there of a suflicient quantity to displacefloat 70, thecondensed refrigerant is admitted to chamber 25 where after the ac=cumulation of a sufficient quantity float 62 is raised and contactbetween 64.- and 65 is broken.

After the accumulation of sufficient liquid in chamber 25, contact ismade between 57- and 59 through the raising of 58. Solenoid 52 isthereby energized and switch 118 is opened and time switch 117 remainsopen for five seconds, and switch 116 is closed.

Solenoids 4:0 and 120 now being energized, valves 29 and 119 areactuated respectively to send cooling fluid through condenser coolingcoils 133 and to shut off the gas from stove 124C. Upon the cooling ofthe atmosphere in still units 130 the vapor pressure therein is loweredrelieving the pressure in chamber 25, whereupon the refrigerant fluidtherein evaporates and expands. In so doing it absorbs heat from thevicinity of the refrigerator. The excess of pressure in chamber overthat in the still forces the vaporized refrigerant through pipe 27,through check valve 28, into unit 130 of the still. Through the coolingof these units by the water passing through coils 133 the pressuretherein is kept low enough to allow substantially all of the refrigerantto pass thereto whereupon contactor 58 again establishes a circuitthrough solenoid 53 whereby water is turned from coils 133 and to coils33 and the gas is turned to stove 124, thus completing the cycle. Theaction goes on in cycles as described while feed mains 11 and 12 areenergized.

In each of the chambers 126 is placed refrigerant absorbent and storingmaterial which is added through the upper end of said chamber, whichchamber is afterward closed with the cap 137 which may be welded thereonand to pipes 127 and 31. On each of the distributing pipes 127 and overthe holes 128 therein is placed a covering of asbestos tubing 138 toprevent dust being carried with the refrigerant as it passes in or outthrou h said pipes.

The absorbent materials in the casings 126 which I contemplate usingherein, among others, are ammoniated chemical compounds such asdescribed in my application, Ser.

No. 673,103, filed Nov. 6, 1923, and particularly the calcium chloride,magnesium oxychloride, alundum cement material described in saidapplication.

I claim: 1. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comrising an outercasing, inner casings, a coolmg coil in each of said inner casings, amanifold, a delivery pipe from said manifold to each of said innercasings, and a heat source in said outer casing.

2. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, a

cooling pipe passing through each of said inner casings, a manifold, apipe connection between said manifold and each of said inner densingchamber, a still, pipe connection from said still to said condenser witha check valve therein permitting flow from said still to said condenser,pipe connection from said condenser to said refrigerator chamber, pipeconnection from said refrigerator chamber to said still with a checkvalve therein permitting flow from the refrigerator to the still, arefrigerant in said system, a as heater for said still, water coolingcoils or said still, water cooling coils for said condenser, and meanscontrolled by the liquid level in said refrigerator chamber for causingthe gas heater to be lighted and water to pass through said condensercooling coils alternately with the passing of water through the stillcooling coils.

4. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, cooling coils in said inner casings, a manifold, anddelivery pipes from said manifold sealed through the wall of each ofsaid inner casings and connecting thereinto through a plurality of smallholes. a

5. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprisin an outer casing,inner casings, cooling COIlS in said inner casings, a manifold, deliverypipes from said manifold sealed through the wall of said inner casingsand connecting thereinto through a plurality of small holes, andcoverings of asbestos tubing for said delivery pipes and the holestherein.

6. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, a cooling COll in each of said inner casings, a manifold,a delivery pipe from said manifold sealed through the wall of each ofsaid inner casings and connecting thereinto through a plurality of smallholes, and an absorbent material in said inner casings.

7 I11 a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, a cooling coil in each of said inner casings, a manifold,a delivery pipe from said manifold sealed through the wall of each ofsaid inner casings and connecting thereinto through a plurality of smallholes, and an absorbent material such as calicum chloride and acementitious material in said inner casings.

8. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, cooling 0011s in said inner casings, a manifold, aone-way connection from said manifold to the cooling apparatus of saidrefrigerating apparatus, aone-way connection from the said coolingapparatus to! said manifold, and a delivery pipe from said manifoldsealed'throu h the wall of each of said inner casings and connectingthereinto through a plurality of small holes.

9. In a refrigerating apparatus, a still comprising an outer casing,inner casings, cooling coils in said inner casing, a manifold, aone-Wayconnection from said manifold to 5 the cooling apparatus of saidrefrigerating apparatus, a one-Way connection from the said coolingapparatus to said manifold, and delivery pipes from said manifold sealedthrough the wall of each of said inner casings and connecting thereintothrough a plurality of small holes, and coverings of as bestos tubingfor said delivery pipes and the apparatus therein.

In testimony whereof I hereto aflix my signature.

FREDERICK G. KEYES.

